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2018教师招聘:英语笔试之名词性从句

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发表于 2017-12-25 10:09:24|来自:中国山东淄博 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式 IP:山东淄博

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名词性从句是英语三大从句中的的一类,其重要性不言而喻,而名词性从句又是三大从句中相对简单的一类内容。只要掌握其做题技巧及常考知识点,分数便很容易得到。

一、定义

顾名思义,名词性从句即从句在句子中充当名词,因而名词性从句可分为四类:主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。如:

What you saidimpressed me a lot.(主语从句)

I don’t know what you said.(宾语从句)

What impressed mea lot was what you said.(表语从句)

The news that theygot married impressed me a lot.(同位语从句)

二、名词性从句引导词

引导名词性从句的词被称作连接词,连接词可分为以下三类:

1.     连接词: that,whether,if

2.     连接代词:what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which

3.     连接副词:when,where,how,why

连接词的选择:如果句子完整不缺成分则选择连接词:that,whether,if其在句子中不充当成分,只起连接作用。如果句子缺少主要成分主语宾语等则选用关系代词,连接副词在句子中不充当主要成分,只作状语。

考点一:连接词的选择

1. that与whether,if

That没有实际意义,whether,if可翻译成是否。

2.whether,if

做题技巧:在名词性从句中同时出现whether和if便选whether,只有动词后的宾语从句可用if,介宾则选whether。

考点二:that的省略

(1)主语从句中的that不能省略

__A____he failed the exam made his motherdisappointed.

A. That       B. /   C. Whether      D. If

(2)两个或两个以上的宾语从句只有第一个宾语从句的that可以省略

I believe __D___ you've done your best and _____things will happen.  

----Thank you.
  A. that; /        B. /;/       C. what;that        D./; that

(3)表语从句、同位语从句中that不能省略

The reason why we didn't trust him is_A_ has oftenlied.

A. That       B. /   C. Whether      D. If

(4)形式宾语中的that不可省略

We consider it necessary_A__he should improve hisEnglish.

     A.That       B. /     C. Whether      D. If

(5)     that引导宾语从句做介词宾语时,引导词that不可省略

I know nothing about him except ___A___he is fromBeijing.

A. That       B. /     C. Whether      D. If

(6)有插入语时that也不能省

I think___A___, as what you say, they should

go for a vocation.

A. That       B. /   C.Whether      D. If

做题技巧:在做题时见到是否省略that的题时,把握一个原则,即一般情况不省略,只有跟在动词后的宾语从句中的that可以省略。例:

I believe ___A/B____you've done your best.

A. that       B. /   C. what      D. whether

  考点三:which,that
which 和what 都充当从句的主干成分,which有选择范围,what没有。例:

He had learned the knowledge about maths and physics,but  he doesn’t know __D_ itemsit takes to start a business here.

A how B what C when D which

考点四:特殊疑问词+ever 与no matter + 特殊疑问词

(1)特殊疑问词 + ever可引导名词性从句和让步状语从句, 如:

Whoever breaks the rule must be punished.

Whatever you do, you must do it well.

(2)no matter + 疑问词只能引导让步状语从句,如:

No matter who breaks the rule, he must be punished.

考点五:名词性从句的语序

名词性从句中用陈述语序,如:

Do you see why the machine doesn't work?   

--- Sorry, let's ask the engineer __B__.
A. what is the matter     B. what the matteris  

C. how is thematter       D. how the matter is

考点六:名词性从句与定语从句的区别

对于名词性从句与定语从句的判断有两种基本方法,

1.首先,从形式上来看,名词性从句的引导词多为抽象名词,例如:idea, fact, news等,而定语从句的先行词多为具体名词,例:

(1)The news that ourvolleyball team won the match made us excited.

(2)The problem thathe asked me to solve is hard to solve.

其中,第一个句子为同位语从句,第二个是定语从句。

2.从内容上来看,同位语从句是对内容的补充说明,而定语从句对先行词起修饰限定作用。

(1)The news that hetold me is true.

(2)The news that hewill come back from the U.S is true .

此句中第一个句子“he told me”修饰限定“The news”,意为“他告诉我的”消息,所以是定语从句:第二个句子从句是“the news”的具体内容,所以是同位语从句。

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